Solutions

Company

Resources

Blog

Contact

Login

    • Assurance

      Smart Contract Assessment

      Securing code integrity, protecting digital assets

      Blockchain Layer 1 Assessment

      Assessing protocols, securing blockchain foundations

      Code Security Audit

      Uncovering flaws, strengthening software integrity

      Web Application Penetration Testing

      Exposing weaknesses, fortifying digital defenses

      Cloud Infrastructure Penetration Testing

      Securing configurations, protecting critical environments

      Red Team Exercise

      Simulating real-world attacks, strengthening defenses

      AI Red Teaming

      Testing AI systems against real threats

      AI Security Assessment

      Securing AI models, data, and pipelines

    • Advisory

      AI Advisory

      Guiding secure, strategic AI adoption forward

      Risk Assessment

      From unknown threats to actionable insights

      Blockchain Architecture Assessment

      Optimizing architecture for tomorrow’s networks

      Compliance Readiness

      Stay ready as regulations evolve

      Custody and Key Management Assessment

      Securing the heart of digital custody

      Technical Due Diligence

      See the risks before you invest

      Technical Training

      Empower your teams to secure what matters

    • Who We Are

      The best security engineers in the world

      Careers

      Work with the elite

      Who Trusts Us

      The trusted security advisor for blockchain and financial services industries

      Brand

      Access official logos, fonts, and guidelines

      Service Commitments

      Committed to Protecting Your Data

    • Audits

      In-depth evaluations of smart contracts and blockchain infrastructures

      BVSS

      Blockchain Vulnerability Scoring System

      Disclosures

      All the latest vulnerabilities discovered by Halborn

      Case Studies

      How Halborn’s solutions have empowered clients to overcome security issues

      Reports

      Comprehensive reports and data

  • Blog

  • Contact

  • Login

THIS WEBSITE USES COOKIES

We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners who may combine it with other information that you've provided to them or that they've collected from your use of their services. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. Learn More.

STAY CURRENT WITH HALBORN

Subscribe to the monthly Halborn Digest for our top blogs and videos, major company announcements, new whitepapers, webinar and event invites, and one exclusive interview.

ADVISORY SERVICES

AI AdvisoryRisk AssessmentBlockchain Architecture AssessmentCompliance ReadinessCustody and Key Management AssessmentTechnical Due DiligenceTechnical Training

ASSURANCE SERVICES

AI Security AssessmentAI Red TeamingSmart Contract AssessmentBlockchain Layer 1 AssessmentCode Security AuditWeb Application Penetration TestingCloud Infrastructure Penetration TestingRed Team Exercise

COMPANY

Who We AreWho Trusts UsService CommitmentsCareersBrandBlogContact

RESOURCES

AuditsDisclosuresReportsBVSSCase Studies
Halborn Logo
Privacy PolicyTerms of UseVulnerability Disclosure Policy

© Halborn 2025. All rights reserved.

Background

// Security Assessment

10.10.2025 - 10.20.2025

Noga Fallback Contracts

Tea-Fi

Halborn logotext
← Back to Audits

Noga Fallback Contracts - Tea-Fi


Prepared by:

Halborn Logo

HALBORN

Last Updated 11/14/2025

Date of Engagement: October 10th, 2025 - October 20th, 2025

Summary

100% of all REPORTED Findings have been addressed

All findings

15

Critical

0

High

0

Medium

3

Low

7

Informational

5


Table of Contents

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Assessment summary
  • 3. Test approach and methodology
  • 4. Risk methodology
  • 5. Scope
  • 6. Assessment summary & findings overview
  • 7. Findings & Tech Details
    1. 7.1 Front-running permit signatures causes transaction reversion
    2. 7.2 Griefing attack via zero allowance causing relayer gas loss
    3. 7.3 Fee-on-transfer token handling causes refund failures or user profit from contract balance
    4. 7.4 Users can grief relayers by providing mismatched slippage parameters
    5. 7.5 Unused admin parameter in diamondinit initialization
    6. 7.6 Redundant permit2 initialization in diamond deployment
    7. 7.7 Lack of emergency role or protocol pause check for emergency withdrawals
    8. 7.8 Unnecessary basefacet inheritance in diamondcutfacet
    9. 7.9 Unnecessary msg.value > 0 check in _validatecall()
    10. 7.10 Missing interface registrations in diamondinit breaks erc-165 compliance
    11. 7.11 Emergencywithdrawerc20 emits token addresses even when no tokens are withdrawn
    12. 7.12 Settreasury() allows setting the same treasury address repeatedly
    13. 7.13 Gas inefficiency due to late zero address check
    14. 7.14 Missing unchecked block in replacefunctions() selector loo
    15. 7.15 Unused custom errors

1. Introduction

TeaFi engaged Halborn to conduct a security assessment on their smart contracts beginning on October 10, 2025 and ending on October 20, 2025. The scope of this assessment was limited to the smart contracts provided to the Halborn team. Commit hashes and additional details are documented in the Scope section of this report.


TeaFi's Noga Fallback contract's are a modular smart contract system built on the Diamond Standard (EIP‑2535) for secure, gasless ERC‑20 token swaps and transfers. It features upgradeable facets for admin control, whitelisting, and execution, with strict role-based access and slippage protection. Using Permit2 and other permit standards, relayers can perform authorized actions on behalf of users. The system includes treasury-based fee collection, pausability, emergency withdrawals, and safeguards like whitelisted function selectors and reentrancy protection.

2. Assessment Summary

Halborn was provided 7 days for the engagement and assigned 1 full-time security engineer to review the security of the smart contracts in scope. The engineer is a blockchain and smart contract security expert with advanced penetration testing and smart contract hacking skills, and deep knowledge of multiple blockchain protocols.


The purpose of the assessment is to:

    • Identify potential security issues within the smart contracts.

    • Ensure that smart contract functionality operates as intended.


In summary, Halborn identified several areas for improvement to reduce both the likelihood and impact of potential risks, which were mostly addressed by the TeaFi team. The primary suggestions included:

    • Modify LibPermit.makeTokenPermit() to check if the current allowance is already sufficient for the transfer amount.

    • Extract and validate the amountOutMin from callData to ensure it matches.

    • Implement pre-execution allowance validation before other operations and nonce consumption.

    • Measure the actual amount received after transfer and use that for refunds.

    • Remove the msg.value check inside _validateCall().

    • Remove the unnecessary BaseFacet inheritance from DiamondCutFacet.

3. Test Approach and Methodology

Halborn performed a combination of manual code review and automated security testing to balance efficiency, timeliness, practicality, and accuracy in regard to the scope of this assessment. While manual testing is essential to uncover flaws in logic, process, and implementation, automated testing techniques enhance coverage of smart contracts and can quickly identify issues that do not follow security best practices.

The following phases and associated tools were used throughout the assessment:

    • Research into the architecture, purpose, and use of the platform.

    • Manual code review and walkthrough of the smart contracts to identify potential logic issues.

    • Manual testing of all core functions, including createCampaign, claim to validate expected behavior and identify edge-case vulnerabilities.

    • Local testing to simulate contract interactions and validate functional and security assumptions.

    • Local deployment and testing with Foundry.


4. RISK METHODOLOGY

Every vulnerability and issue observed by Halborn is ranked based on two sets of Metrics and a Severity Coefficient. This system is inspired by the industry standard Common Vulnerability Scoring System.
The two Metric sets are: Exploitability and Impact. Exploitability captures the ease and technical means by which vulnerabilities can be exploited and Impact describes the consequences of a successful exploit.
The Severity Coefficients is designed to further refine the accuracy of the ranking with two factors: Reversibility and Scope. These capture the impact of the vulnerability on the environment as well as the number of users and smart contracts affected.
The final score is a value between 0-10 rounded up to 1 decimal place and 10 corresponding to the highest security risk. This provides an objective and accurate rating of the severity of security vulnerabilities in smart contracts.
The system is designed to assist in identifying and prioritizing vulnerabilities based on their level of risk to address the most critical issues in a timely manner.

4.1 EXPLOITABILITY

Attack Origin (AO):
Captures whether the attack requires compromising a specific account.
Attack Cost (AC):
Captures the cost of exploiting the vulnerability incurred by the attacker relative to sending a single transaction on the relevant blockchain. Includes but is not limited to financial and computational cost.
Attack Complexity (AX):
Describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability. Includes but is not limited to macro situation, available third-party liquidity and regulatory challenges.
Metrics:
EXPLOITABILITY METRIC (mem_eme​)METRIC VALUENUMERICAL VALUE
Attack Origin (AO)Arbitrary (AO:A)
Specific (AO:S)
1
0.2
Attack Cost (AC)Low (AC:L)
Medium (AC:M)
High (AC:H)
1
0.67
0.33
Attack Complexity (AX)Low (AX:L)
Medium (AX:M)
High (AX:H)
1
0.67
0.33
Exploitability EEE is calculated using the following formula:

E=∏meE = \prod m_eE=∏me​

4.2 IMPACT

Confidentiality (C):
Measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by the contract due to a successfully exploited vulnerability. Confidentiality refers to limiting access to authorized users only.
Integrity (I):
Measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of data stored and/or processed on-chain. Integrity impact directly affecting Deposit or Yield records is excluded.
Availability (A):
Measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability. This metric refers to smart contract features and functionality, not state. Availability impact directly affecting Deposit or Yield is excluded.
Deposit (D):
Measures the impact to the deposits made to the contract by either users or owners.
Yield (Y):
Measures the impact to the yield generated by the contract for either users or owners.
Metrics:
IMPACT METRIC (mIm_ImI​)METRIC VALUENUMERICAL VALUE
Confidentiality (C)None (C:N)
Low (C:L)
Medium (C:M)
High (C:H)
Critical (C:C)
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Integrity (I)None (I:N)
Low (I:L)
Medium (I:M)
High (I:H)
Critical (I:C)
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Availability (A)None (A:N)
Low (A:L)
Medium (A:M)
High (A:H)
Critical (A:C)
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Deposit (D)None (D:N)
Low (D:L)
Medium (D:M)
High (D:H)
Critical (D:C)
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Yield (Y)None (Y:N)
Low (Y:L)
Medium (Y:M)
High (Y:H)
Critical (Y:C)
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Impact III is calculated using the following formula:

I=max(mI)+∑mI−max(mI)4I = max(m_I) + \frac{\sum{m_I} - max(m_I)}{4}I=max(mI​)+4∑mI​−max(mI​)​

4.3 SEVERITY COEFFICIENT

Reversibility (R):
Describes the share of the exploited vulnerability effects that can be reversed. For upgradeable contracts, assume the contract private key is available.
Scope (S):
Captures whether a vulnerability in one vulnerable contract impacts resources in other contracts.
Metrics:
SEVERITY COEFFICIENT (CCC)COEFFICIENT VALUENUMERICAL VALUE
Reversibility (rrr)None (R:N)
Partial (R:P)
Full (R:F)
1
0.5
0.25
Scope (sss)Changed (S:C)
Unchanged (S:U)
1.25
1
Severity Coefficient CCC is obtained by the following product:

C=rsC = rsC=rs

The Vulnerability Severity Score SSS is obtained by:

S=min(10,EIC∗10)S = min(10, EIC * 10)S=min(10,EIC∗10)

The score is rounded up to 1 decimal places.
SeverityScore Value Range
Critical9 - 10
High7 - 8.9
Medium4.5 - 6.9
Low2 - 4.4
Informational0 - 1.9

5. SCOPE

REPOSITORY
(a) Repository: noga-fallback-contracts
(b) Assessed Commit ID: 3492ba9
(c) Items in scope:
  • contracts/facets/AdminFacet.sol
  • contracts/facets/BaseFacet.sol
  • contracts/facets/DiamondCutFacet.sol
  • contracts/facets/DiamondLoupeFacet.sol
  • contracts/facets/ExecutionFacet.sol
  • contracts/facets/WhitelistFacet.sol
  • contracts/Diamond.sol
  • contracts/DiamondDeployer.sol
  • contracts/DiamondInit.sol
  • contracts/libraries/LibAppStorage.sol
  • contracts/libraries/LibDiamond.sol
  • contracts/libraries/LibPermit.sol
  • contracts/libraries/LibSelectors.sol
  • contracts/facets/AdminFacet.sol
  • contracts/facets/BaseFacet.sol
  • contracts/facets/DiamondCutFacet.sol
↓ Expand ↓
Out-of-Scope: Third party dependencies and economic attacks.
Remediation Commit ID:
  • a9c2ff1
  • 303830a
  • ab4edb5
  • 1942d08
  • 201a2d0
  • 02464cc
  • c288589
  • c5f3648
  • 16a2a91
  • 1804bd2
  • 74a059c
  • fe8585d
  • 836c1b5
  • ef54b54
Out-of-Scope: New features/implementations after the remediation commit IDs.

6. Assessment Summary & Findings Overview

Critical

0

High

0

Medium

3

Low

7

Informational

5

Security analysisRisk levelRemediation Date
Front-Running Permit Signatures Causes Transaction ReversionMediumSolved - 11/10/2025
Griefing Attack via Zero Allowance Causing Relayer Gas LossMediumSolved - 11/10/2025
Fee-on-Transfer Token Handling Causes Refund Failures or User Profit from Contract BalanceMediumSolved - 11/10/2025
Users Can Grief Relayers by Providing Mismatched Slippage ParametersLowRisk Accepted - 11/11/2025
Unused Admin Parameter in DiamondInit InitializationLowSolved - 11/10/2025
Redundant permit2 Initialization in Diamond DeploymentLowSolved - 11/10/2025
Lack of Emergency Role or Protocol Pause Check for Emergency WithdrawalsLowSolved - 11/10/2025
Unnecessary BaseFacet Inheritance in DiamondCutFacetLowSolved - 11/10/2025
Unnecessary msg.value > 0 Check in _validateCall()LowSolved - 11/10/2025
Missing Interface Registrations in DiamondInit Breaks ERC-165 ComplianceLowSolved - 11/10/2025
EmergencyWithdrawErc20 Emits Token Addresses Even When No Tokens Are WithdrawnInformationalSolved - 11/10/2025
setTreasury() Allows Setting the Same Treasury Address RepeatedlyInformationalSolved - 11/10/2025
Gas Inefficiency Due to Late Zero Address CheckInformationalSolved - 11/10/2025
Missing unchecked Block in replaceFunctions() Selector LooInformationalSolved - 11/10/2025
Unused Custom ErrorsInformationalSolved - 11/10/2025

7. Findings & Tech Details

7.1 Front-Running Permit Signatures Causes Transaction Reversion

//

Medium

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:M/I:N/D:N/Y:N (5.0)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/a9c2ff1f242e63f941338aed5a68c66d08c3727f

7.2 Griefing Attack via Zero Allowance Causing Relayer Gas Loss

//

Medium

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:M/I:N/D:N/Y:N (5.0)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/303830a1dc983f724623013d0f17766f8a2e0daa

7.3 Fee-on-Transfer Token Handling Causes Refund Failures or User Profit from Contract Balance

//

Medium

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:M/I:N/D:N/Y:N (5.0)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/ab4edb56ef6a2c856e6a7562c7d2e11e6c67aec8

7.4 Users Can Grief Relayers by Providing Mismatched Slippage Parameters

//

Low

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:L/I:N/D:N/Y:N (2.5)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment

7.5 Unused Admin Parameter in DiamondInit Initialization

//

Low

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:L/I:N/D:N/Y:N (2.5)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/1942d08dee8d2346774aae811b4a53117095d369

7.6 Redundant permit2 Initialization in Diamond Deployment

//

Low

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:N/I:L/D:N/Y:N (2.5)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/201a2d0921b11793d68a88baa58bb2d5aed6f6e2

7.7 Lack of Emergency Role or Protocol Pause Check for Emergency Withdrawals

//

Low

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:L/I:N/D:N/Y:N (2.5)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/02464cc3d782f99972872792d09f2d768e0abc41

7.8 Unnecessary BaseFacet Inheritance in DiamondCutFacet

//

Low

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:L/I:N/D:N/Y:N (2.5)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/c288589724c8fc4bbd4cee089a3f631cfc866d34

7.9 Unnecessary msg.value > 0 Check in _validateCall()

//

Low

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:N/I:L/D:N/Y:N (2.5)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/c5f36485e9cc690b7691dcdd6178f4dc0bd047b2

7.10 Missing Interface Registrations in DiamondInit Breaks ERC-165 Compliance

//

Low

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:L/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:L/I:N/D:N/Y:N (2.5)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/16a2a910bf537aa47eb6dad7a974eee18a27e1d4

7.11 EmergencyWithdrawErc20 Emits Token Addresses Even When No Tokens Are Withdrawn

//

Informational

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:M/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:N/I:L/D:N/Y:N (1.7)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/1804bd2c2a0cf1519a0c28163e16a50aa598a1d7

7.12 setTreasury() Allows Setting the Same Treasury Address Repeatedly

//

Informational

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:M/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:N/I:L/D:N/Y:N (1.7)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/74a059c3296bfe396aa9922397e5a68349ade569

7.13 Gas Inefficiency Due to Late Zero Address Check

//

Informational

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:M/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:N/I:L/D:N/Y:N (1.7)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/fe8585dd52cd7d9da2da9f5a82d993cf7f34e2d4

7.14 Missing unchecked Block in replaceFunctions() Selector Loo

//

Informational

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:M/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:N/I:L/D:N/Y:N (1.7)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/836c1b5529656b339f3cf86f5942b77f04a78151

7.15 Unused Custom Errors

//

Informational

Description
BVSS
AO:A/AC:M/AX:L/R:N/S:U/C:N/A:N/I:L/D:N/Y:N (1.7)
Recommendation
Remediation Comment
Remediation Hash
https://github.com/Tea-Fi/noga-fallback-contracts/commit/ef54b54ef602c233424de6dff3ad027e91e8be61

Halborn strongly recommends conducting a follow-up assessment of the project either within six months or immediately following any material changes to the codebase, whichever comes first. This approach is crucial for maintaining the project’s integrity and addressing potential vulnerabilities introduced by code modifications.

Table of Contents

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Assessment summary
  • 3. Test approach and methodology
  • 4. Risk methodology
  • 5. Scope
  • 6. Assessment summary & findings overview
  • 7. Findings & Tech Details
    1. 7.1 Front-running permit signatures causes transaction reversion
    2. 7.2 Griefing attack via zero allowance causing relayer gas loss
    3. 7.3 Fee-on-transfer token handling causes refund failures or user profit from contract balance
    4. 7.4 Users can grief relayers by providing mismatched slippage parameters
    5. 7.5 Unused admin parameter in diamondinit initialization
    6. 7.6 Redundant permit2 initialization in diamond deployment
    7. 7.7 Lack of emergency role or protocol pause check for emergency withdrawals
    8. 7.8 Unnecessary basefacet inheritance in diamondcutfacet
    9. 7.9 Unnecessary msg.value > 0 check in _validatecall()
    10. 7.10 Missing interface registrations in diamondinit breaks erc-165 compliance
    11. 7.11 Emergencywithdrawerc20 emits token addresses even when no tokens are withdrawn
    12. 7.12 Settreasury() allows setting the same treasury address repeatedly
    13. 7.13 Gas inefficiency due to late zero address check
    14. 7.14 Missing unchecked block in replacefunctions() selector loo
    15. 7.15 Unused custom errors

// Download the full report

Noga Fallback Contracts

* Use Google Chrome for best results

** Check "Background Graphics" in the print settings if needed